Saturday, 6 December 2014

A yoghurt a day might keep diabetes away

A yoghurt a day might keep diabetes away

A high intake of yoghurt has been found to be associated with a lower riskof developing type 2 diabetes, according to research published in openaccess journal BMC Medicine. This highlights the importance of having yoghurt as part of a healthy diet.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body doesn’t
produce enough insulin, or the body’s cells develop resistance to insulin.
There is an increased risk of developing it if a relative has the condition or
if an individual has an unhealthy lifestyle. Approximately 366 million people
are affected by type 2 diabetes worldwide and it is estimated that this will
increase to 552 million people by 2030, which puts pressure on global
healthcare systems.

Sciencedaily reports that researchers from Harvard School of Public Health
in the United States pooled the results of three prospective cohort studies
that followed the medical history and lifestyle habits of health
professionals. These studies were the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study
(HFPS), which included 51,529 US male dentists, pharmacists, vets,
osteopathic physicians and podiatrists, aged from 40 to 75 years; Nurses’
Health Study (NHS), which began in 1976, and followed 121,700 female US
nurses aged from 30 to 55 years; and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II),
which followed 116,671 female US nurses aged from 25 to 42 years
beginning in the year 1989.


At the beginning of each cohort study, participants completed a
questionnaire to gather baseline information on lifestyle and occurrence of
chronic disease. Participants were then followed up every two years with a
follow-up rate of more than 90 per cent. Participants were excluded if they
had diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. People were
also excluded if they did not include any information about dairy
consumption. This left a total of 41,497 participants from HPFS, 67,138
from NHS and 85,884 from NHS II.


Mu Chen, the study’s lead author from Harvard School of Public Health,
says: “Our study benefited from having such a large sample size, high rates
of follow up and repeated assessment of dietary and lifestyle factors.”


Within the three cohorts 15,156 cases of type 2 diabetes were identified
during the follow-up period. The researchers found that the total dairy
consumption had no association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
They then looked at consumption of individual dairy products, such as
skimmed milk, cheese, whole milk and yoghurt. When adjusting for chronic
disease risk factors such as age and BMI as well as dietary factors, it was
found that high consumption of yoghurt was associated with a lower risk of
developing type 2 diabetes.


The authors then conducted a meta-analysis, incorporating their results and
other published studies, up to March 2013, that investigated the association
between dairy products and type 2 diabetes. This found that consumption
of one 28g serving of yoghurt per day was associated with an 18 per cent
lower risk of type 2 diabetes.


Previous research has suggested calcium, magnesium, or specific fatty
acids present in dairy products may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. It has
been shown that probiotic bacteria found in yoghurt improves fat profiles
and antioxidant status in people with type 2 diabetes and the researchers
suggest this could have a risk-lowering effect in developing the condition.


To confirm this observation, and investigate whether or not yoghurt is
causal in the lowering of risk, randomized controlled trials are needed.


Senior researcher on the study, Frank Hu, says: “We found that higher
intake of yoghurt is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,
whereas other dairy foods and consumption of total dairy did not show this
association. The consistent findings for yoghurt suggest that it can be
incorporated into a healthy dietary pattern.”

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